| ACIG
Exclusives
Return of the Viraat -Part 2 |
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| Author : B.Harry |
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2.1 A
bit about INAS 300 and the Harrier
INAS-300 'The
White Tigers' is manned entirely by senior officers and top-rated personnel. By
now, it should be no news that the Harrier is both a difficult and
dangerous aircraft to fly. The aircraft is highly limited but at the
same time, highly capable, and is extremely dependant on piloting
skills in terms of actual capabilities vis-ŕ-vis any other
contemporary combat aircraft. To make the most out of the situation
without compromising safety, only the best of the best get to pilot
the small number of 16 Sea Harrier FRS.51 in the Indian Navy, with
training periods for these super-elites, lasting up to 10 years.
Prospective pilots are first required to fully qualify for day-night
combat on the IAF's MiG-21 following the IAF's Stage-2A training on
the Kiran and Iskra at the FTW, Hakimpet. Performances of these
pilots are closely monitored at all stages. Back in the Navy, pilots
once again need to complete a course on the Kiran operated by
INAS-551A 'The Phantoms'. When these pilots then transition to the
Harrier, the MiG-21 becomes a pleasant memory, although design-wise
the latter is much less forgiving towards minor pilot error and
shows little warning. Training for the Harrier is the responsibility
of INAS-551B 'The Braves' squadron, established on May 28, 1995,
acquiring all the assets of the older SHOFTU which operated a mix of
FRS.51 fighters, T.4(I) and T.60 trainers. At this point,
pilot attrition / drop out rate, is 70%. Ab-initio and re-familiarisation
training involves some hours on the Sea Harrier simulator at INS
Hansa, commissioned in 1984, upgraded and recommissioned in 1994.
Following instrument, formation flying and training in air-combat maneuvering,
Deck Landing Qualification (DLQ) is awarded to the pilot after 50
landings at INS Hansa and 4 landings on INS Viraat, 2 of the latter
being solo flights on the FRS.51.
Two different syllabi for land-based operations and carrier based
operations. Aboard the carrier, the true king is the Direction Air
Officer or 'Dee' from the Navigation and Direction stream of the
Executive branch. 90% of the mission or target interception depends
on the Dee and not on the pilot who takes control only during the
terminal phase. Dees are to study the sensor map and direct the
Harriers to approach in a 90° angle towards the target or in such a
fashion that they cannot be detected. As it is, the Sea Harrier
itself is extremely difficult to visually acquire in air combat and
greatly depends on this advantage. The complicated tactics have
proven themselves against the sensors on all aircraft intercepted in real
time, from the F/A-18C of the USN to the Atlantique-1 of the PN. Capt. Chauhan
is also originally from the Navigation and Direction stream.
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The ship is in motion
and it's time to bring up the aircraft, starting with the Chetaks. Blades unfolded,
IN-480 is the first to be brought up on deck through the forward
elevator. |
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IN-480 is moved
out of the way so that the second Chetak, IN-439, can be brought above
through the same elevator. |
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The
Chetaks being light helicopters, can be easily moved around without the
need for a tow tractor. |
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IN-439 is moved to the
forward position ahead of IN-480.
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Even as the Chetaks are
being positioned, the first Seaking IN-521 has been brought on deck
through the central lift-1.
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IN-521 is rotated and
placed in position near the 400 ft mark. The second Seaking, IN-524, is
also brought above deck through lift-1 and is temporarily placed alongside
IN-521.
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Once positioned, the
helicopters may be refueled and equipped.
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IN-524 has been moved
away to be positioned near the 500 ft mark.
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2.1.1
2004 and 2005 : Sea Harrier vs. Rafale, Sea Harrier vs. MiG-29 Since
induction, the Indian Navy had flown the Sea Harrier against all of
the IAF's aircraft and achieved good results, especially against the
Mirage-2000. INAS 300 had two opportunities to test their capabilities
against the French Flotille 12F operating the vaunted Rafale-M
during the "Varuna" exercises in 2002 and 2004. Most
of the missions would involve the Sea Harrier playing as the
attacker against a fleet of ships defended by Rafales operating from
the Charles-de-gaulle. The initial outcome of these missions was
somewhat predictable - the Rafales would easily pick up the Sea
Harriers almost as soon as they took off from the Viraat, and call
for a BVR-kill, ending the mission ! When these BVR calls became
rather frustrating, missions were switched to WVR-combat which
surprisingly proved to be the Rafale's undoing! Close-in, the
Harriers were mostly not even visually picked up by the French
pilots who hadn't noticed them until it was too late, also being
unable to outturn their opponents for the most part. However, it was
concluded that this was due to the precedence assigned to BVR by the
French and their comparative lack of training for WVR engagements
and not much due to the Sea Harrier itself. Pilots of INAS-300
concluded that had they piloted Rafales instead, they would be
easily able to make mincemeat out of the Harrier under any
condition. One would have noticed that the events and outcome of
these exercises were almost similar to the performance of IAF
Mirage-2000s against French Mirage-2000s of 1/12 ‘Cambresis’
during the joint exercise 'Garuda' in February 2003. In
2005, the White Tigers flew to the IAF's AFB in Jamnagar, in order
to take on the MiG-29s of No.28 'The First Supersonics' and No.47
'Black Archers' squadrons. Some firing practice against targets
towed by the MiG-23MFs of the No.224 'Warlords' squadron, was also
carried out. Comparison of turn performance is also a regular
feature of DACT, where the ground controller assigns a specific
speed for both aircraft and tells them to start turning. At lower
speeds, the Sea Harrier was only marginally lower in sustained turn
rate but beyond Mach 0.7, became quite hopeless against the MiG-29.
What ensued during actual DACT was set to be a massacre - the
MiG-29's superb N019 BVR radar in addition to their outstanding maneuverability
besides the HMS, proved more than a handful. In BVR, the Fulcrums
could easily lock-on to the Harriers and end the engagement within
seconds. Unlike the Harrier, the MiG-29 was capable of sustained +9G
performance and was easily able to outturn the former in most
regimes. The only chance that a Harrier had against the MiG-29 was
to lure the latter into a dive and use thrust-vectored control to
break out of the path. However, since each aircraft and squadrons do
have their own set of unique advantages and disadvantages catering
to specific types of engagements, things did not always go in the
MiG-29's favor. The MiG-29 for instance, has a relatively large
planform and smoky RD-33s which allowed the Harrier pilots to
visually acquire them out to nearly 27 km. In turn, the Sea harrier
is itself, extremely difficult to notice and visually acquire, and
was often able to get the jump on the Fulcrum. In spite of the
MiG-29 technically outclassing the Sea Harrier, a series of
successes lead INAS-300 to conclude that the MiG-29 pilots were
'Blind as bats', much to the frustration of the latter ! This was
somewhat reminiscent of the first kill by Flt. Lt. Paul Barton over Falklands
where the bogey never even noticed the Harrier until it was too
late. Despite the
superiority of the MiG-29, the White Tigers were very happy with
their performance and it was ironic that the aptly titled 'First
Supersonics', the very first IAF squadron to operate a supersonic
aircraft (the MiG-21F-13), couldn't always get the edge on their
subsonic counterparts. Coincidentally, the next fighter type to be
operated by the Navy will be the MiG-29K. The exercise also served
as an opportunity to test and prove the effectiveness of the new
'Ghost Gray' Sea Harrier camouflage scheme.
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IN-617 is
brought above on deck through the central deck Lift-1. Once on top, the
aircraft is towed to the aft deck for lineup.
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All Sea Harriers on
board are carrying combat tanks. The combat tanks are not normally jettisoned
and are designed to make the increase in Coeff. of Drag, as insignificant
as possible. During Aero India 2005 however, the participating Sea
Harriers flew clean.
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Second Harrier on deck
is IN-603, showing off it's new light ghost-gray camouflage scheme.
Extensive flogging has contributed it's fair share to smut on the
airframe, making for a slightly unattractive appearance.
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IN-603 is towed to the
lineup on the aft deck. Markings have been reduced and the white tiger
emblem is now just an outline in darker gray.
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IN-603 is positioned
just behind the Barak VLS cells, joining the other Harrier in the lineup.
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The 'Lion' (IN-613) has
arrived. Although the older camouflage scheme looks nicer, the new one has
actually been proven in DACT, to be superior for aircombat, significantly
reducing visibility.
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| 1.2.12
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'Lion' is also zigzagged
towards it's position in the lineup.
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Moving the Sea Harrier
is a bit easier than the mammoth Seaking. While 'Lion' is positioned into
the lineup, the last Sea Harrier is being brought up on the lift. One
Seaking (IN-516) and one Sea Harrier (IN-608) 'Cougar', remain inside the
hangar.
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With the last Sea
Harrier (IN-614), the lineup is now complete, making for a superb
case of contrasting paintschemes. Personnel now line-up across the
width of the deck in order to perform an anti-FOD sweep across the
entire length of the flight deck. Most of the time, FOD is more of a
threat than the enemy. |
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2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, ACIG.org |